Protocol:
A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. A protocol
defines what is communicated.
The key elements of a protocol are-
(i) Syntax:
The term syntax refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the
order in which they are presented. It also includes the signal levels.
(ii) Semantics: The
word semantics refers to the meaning of each section of bits.
For example, it does an address identify the route
to be taken or the final destination of the message. It also includes control
information for error handling.
(iii) Timing:
The term timing refers to two characteristics: When data should be sent and how
fast it should be sent. The timing is also includes the information about speed
matching.
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