Algorithm:
An algorithm is a well-defined set of steps for solving a particular problem.
The characteristics of an algorithm:
(i) Input:
Zero or more quantities are externally supplied.
(ii) Output:
At least one quantity is produced.
(iii) Definiteness:
Each instructions is clear and unambiguous.
(iv) Finiteness:
If we trace out the instruction of an algorithm, then for all cases, the algorithm
terminates after a finite number of steps.
(v) Effectiveness:
Every instruction must be very basic and feasible.
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