Draw the instruction cycle state diagram and briefly describe the function of different states

(i) Instruction address calculation (iac): Determine the address of the next instruction to be executed. Usually, this involves adding a fixed number to the adress of the previous instruction.

For example, if each insteuction is 16 bits long and memory is organized into 16-bit words, then add 1 to the previous address.

(ii) Instruction fetch (if): Read instruction from its memory location into the processor.

(iii) Instruction operation decoding (iod): Analyze instruction to determine type of operation to be performed and operand to be used.

(iv)Operand address calculation (oac): If the operation involves reference to an operation in memory or available via I/O, then determine the address of the operand.

(v)Operand fetch (of): Fetch the operand from memory or read it in from I/O.

(vi) Data operation (dt): Perform the operation indicated in the instruction.

(vii) Operand store(os): Write the result into memory or out to I/O.