An instruction format defines the layout of the bits of an instruction in terms of it constituent parts. An instruction format – (...

Instructions available in a processor may be broadly classified into six groups. This are- (i) Data transfer instructions (i...

Instruction set: An instruction set is a group of commands for a CPU in machine language. The term can refer to all possible instructi...

Instruction: Computer instructions are a set of steps or documentation that includes information or how to operate perform or otherwis...

Instruction: In computer science, an instruction is a single operation of a processor defined by the processor instruction set. Ins...

Block Diagram of an I/O Module  Figure provides a general block diagram of an I/O module. The module connects to the rest of the c...

Associative memory organization (i) Input register: This is a buffer register. It holds the data to be written into the assoc...

Internal structure of the CPU Figure is a slightly more detailed view of the processor. The data transfer and logic control paths ...

Block diagram of hardware for Addition and Subtraction Figure suggests the data paths and hardware elements needed to accomplis...

Hardware and software Approaches This set of hardware will perform various functions on data depending on control signals appli...

Indirect addressing mode: Indirect addressing mode            Memory cell pointed to by address field contains the ...

Elements of bus designs ‍are given below: (i) Bus Types (ii) Method of Arbitration (iii) Timing (iv) Bus Width (v) Dat...

To reference a large range of locations in main memory a variety of addressing technique are used. The direct, relative and regist...